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Pregnancy
Pregnancy is when a fertilized egg develops into a baby in a woman's womb over about 40 weeks. This period involves significant physiological and emotional changes, divided into trimesters with distinct fetal milestones. Proper prenatal care, including good nutrition, regular check-ups, and monitoring for complications, is essential for the health of both mother and baby.
Infertility
Infertility is the inability to conceive after a year of unprotected intercourse, affecting both men and women. Causes include hormonal imbalances, structural issues, lifestyle factors, and age. Diagnosis involves medical history, exams, and tests. Treatments, such as medication, surgery, IVF, and lifestyle changes, aim to address underlying issues and improve conception chances.
Menopause
Menopause marks the end of menstrual cycles and fertility, usually in women’s late 40s to early 50s. It involves decreased estrogen and progesterone, causing symptoms like hot flashes, night sweats, mood changes, and vaginal dryness. Diagnosis is confirmed after 12 months without periods. Management includes hormone therapy, lifestyle changes, and medications.
STIs
Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) spread through sexual activity like vaginal, anal, or oral intercourse. They include common infections like chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis, as well as viral ones like HIV, herpes, and HPV. Symptoms may include genital sores, unusual discharge, or pain, though some are asymptomatic. Prevention involves safe sex practices, regular testing, and vaccination.
PCOS
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder in women of reproductive age, featuring irregular periods, excess androgen, and ovarian cysts. Symptoms encompass irregular periods, heavy bleeding, acne, weight gain, and infertility. PCOS heightens diabetes, heart disease, and endometrial cancer risks. Management includes lifestyle adjustments, hormone-regulating medication, and fertility treatments for conception.
Gestational Diabetes
Gestational Diabetes arises during pregnancy, usually around the 24th week, when the body struggles to produce sufficient insulin, causing high blood sugar levels. Risk factors include obesity, family history of diabetes, and maternal age over 25. While it poses risks for both mother and baby, management through diet, exercise, and medication helps. Regular blood sugar monitoring and prenatal care are essential for a healthy pregnancy.
